CONCLUSIONES
En sus escritos en un periodo de más de 30 años, Arthur Jones aportó una serie de directrices en el entrenamiento con pesas que han soportado el paso del tiempo y han sido fuertemente apoyadas por la investigación científica. Específicamente, las recomendaciones de Jones de realizar una serie de cada ejercicio hasta el fallo muscular, de entrenar cada grupo muscular no más de dos
veces por semana (y en algunos casos no más de una), de realizar los ejercicios a un relativamente ritmo lento, cadencia controlada y de realizar un rango de repeticiones moderado para incrementar la fuerza muscular, la talla, resistencia y potencia, han sido validados por una gran cantidad de investigaciones revisadas. No se puede decir lo mismo de los protocolos de gran volumen, entrenamientos explosivos que están en boga entre muchos fsiólogos y profesionales del entrenamiento de fuerza de hoy en día.
Sabemos que artículos previos que abogan por protocolos de entrenamiento basados en evidencia científica (35, 36) se han encontrado con la objeción del estilo de la NSCA, el entrenamiento de alto volumen es mucho más popular que el enfoque de Jones entre la fraternidad atlética (21, 112). Anticipamos reacciones similares a este documento, y por lo tanto nos gustaría dejar constancia de un par de puntos referentes al argumento que la popularidad de los métodos de entrenamiento abogados por la NSCA y otros indican que tales métodos son más eficaces que los de Jones y colegas. Esencialmente, tales individuos han argumentado esto porque si la mayoría de atletas entrenan de una manera particular, esta debe ser la mejor manera de entrenar. Esto nos lleva a preguntar, ¿por qué molestarnos en realizar investigación científica entonces? Si se lleva dicho argumento a su conclusión lógica, más que realizar investigación para determinar los protocolos de entrenamiento óptimos, el tiempo y dinero serían mejor invertidos dirigiendo una encuesta entre los atletas para determinar cuáles son los métodos más populares. Estos serían entonces los métodos por los cuales los científicos abogarían. Creemos que tales individuos utilizan tales argumentos porque la evidencia científica no da apoyo a sus posiciones.
También es interesante hacer notar que Jones ha tenido una mayor influencia en los métodos de entrenamiento de muchos atletas individuales de éxito, equipos de deporte y organizaciones, aunque estos estén aún en minoría. Por ejemplo, organizaciones como la Academia Militar de los Estados Unidos, la Academia Naval de los Estados Unidos, los equipos de deporte de la Universdad de Princeton, la Universidad de Penn State, la Universidad de Rutgers y muchos otros establecimientos educativos, y muchos equipos de la Liga Nacional de Fútbol de los US, han usado los métodos de Jones de forma extensiva. La lista de culturistas que han sido enormemente influenciados por las lecturas de Jones como el Who’s Who del deporte. Dorian Yates (seis veces campeón Olympia), Sergio Oliva (dos veces Mr Olympia), Mike Mentzer (Mr Universo), Ray Mentzer (Mr America) y Casey Viator (Mr America) están entre los culturistas profesionales que han citado a Jones como una influencia mayor en sus entrenamientos. Así pues, a pesar de los esfuerzos de la NSCA (11), ACSM (12) y otros (8, 44, 45) para desacreditar las ideas de Jones, muchos atletas, desde noveles a niveles colegiados y profesional, han usado los principios con un éxito considerable. Recomendamos fuertemente que otros atletas sigan su ejemplo y usen los consejos de entrenamiento de Jones. Las personas deberían también tomarse su tiempo en examinar la investigación cientifica relevante de primera mano más que fiarse de las recomendaciones e interpretaciones de prominentes fisiólogos del ejercicio quienes se basan más en preferencias personales que en evidencia científica. Específicamente, disuadiríamos fuertemente a atletas y entrenadores de seguir las recomendaciones de la NSCA y la ACSM, y en cambio sugerimos que sigan las directrices basadas en la investigación científica que se presenta en la Tabla 1, juntamente con las referencias que dan soporte a este texto.
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